The soils in Niederösterreich are very diverse. One find Mica-schist in the Bohemian massif in the Kamptal region, but also bedrock weathered soils, covered with a thin coating of humus. The heart of Heiligenstein, an almost ideal partner for top-class Rieslings is a weathered desert sandstone from the Permian. Grüner Veltliner thrives on the gravel soils of Manhartsberg or the partly massive loess deposits that characterise the southern borders of this wine region.

Emmerich Knoll is one of the top producers in the Wachau sub-region of Australia, and a man who’s wines are revered all over the world. A small family run winery that is making sublime Riesling and Grüner Veltliner in the heart of Unterloiben. His top-end Smaragd wines are incredibly sought-after and can stand the test of time. Serious wines with incredible ageing capacity to be found at the premium end of any wine list in Austria.